Movement of the head causes the endolymph to flow either toward or away from the cupula. The hair cells of the three semicircular canals are embedded in a gelatinous mass called the cupula. These organs possess hair cells that act as force transducers, converting forces associated with head acceleration into afferent nerve impulses. Each organ consists of three semicircular canals that detect angular acceleration and two otolith structures, the utricle and sacule, that detect linear acceleration (including gravitational). In addressing the vestibular system generally, the paired vestibular end organs lie within the temporal bones next to the cochlea. Investigations done to confirm the diagnosis must be provided. While the diagnosis is made primarily on the basis of history and physical examination, current diagnostic evaluation may also include audiologic assessment, electronystagmography with caloric testing, a test to induce positional nystagmus, or an MRI/CT of the head with particular attention to the internal auditory canals so as to exclude either conditions. Diagnostic StandardÄiagnosis by a qualified medical practitioner, with investigations to support the diagnosis, are required. Of the vertiginous disorders, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common. Vertigo as a symptom of a primary disease or disorder should be claimed as part of the disease or disorder. The affected individual feels that he or she is moving in relation to the environment, or that the environment is moving in relation to him or her. Vertigo is an illusion or sensation of rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance, gait, and navigation. This publication is available upon request in alternate formats.
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